Have you told your manager you hate what you're doing and want to quit?
People are people sometimes and want to help. What's the sense in quitting before you try to fix anything?
Herd immunity is easier when 1/3 of the herd died from the disease. But they also did figure out quarantines eventually. "Quarantine" comes from the 40 day waiting period imposed on ships as a result of the black plague.
Indeed. I started rewatching Community on Netflix some months ago, and I noticed the general synopsis said "(One episode of Season 2 is not available.)". I assumed that with so many brands and cultural references that are parodied there may be some weird legal reason why they couldn't distribute a specific episode, either in Spain or in general.
When eventually I got to Season 2 I compared their episode listing with that on Wikipedia, and saw that the unavailable episode was S02E14, Advanced Dungeons & Dragons. At first I thought it had to be some weird copyright challenge from D&D... but no. It was because the comedically unlikeable character of Ben Chang obliviously and with no bad intent makes what is a cultural faux-pas in the USA, for which he is criticised, as a minor side joke in the episode [0]! And of course Netflix, in their infinite cultural sensitivity, decided to make the episode unavailable worldwide, as if Netflix users in Spain should even give a damn about a minor American cultural taboo being played for laughs.
Thank God that file sharing of copyrighted files is not illegal in Spain [1], so I was able to carelessly download such an objectionable and immoral episode via The Pirate Bay! Hello Torrent my old friend...
With global HIV deaths in hundreds of thousands each year, but less evenly distributed and more stigmatized, will this vaccine be given emergency authorization as well, or is it likely to go through the full 10 year process?
Emergency Authorization is a regulatory matter, and thus isn't a global decision.
New Zealand did not use Emergency Authorization for the pandemic, because they had elimination so they were able to wait while their medicines agency performed full (but expedited) assessment for the Pfizer mRNA vaccine and gave a recommendation based on that assessment. As a result they didn't even begin vaccinating people until months after some other countries, but (because of elimination) they had zero deaths meanwhile.
So, in some countries regulators might decide an HIV vaccine is something that needs Emergency Authorization and in others not.
Another factor in what you're calling a "10 year process" is how long it takes to collect data from a Phase III trial. I think lots of people still do not appreciate why the Phase III trial for these coronavirus vaccines was so fast. The pandemic meant that huge numbers of people in your control group get infected. This is terrible news for them, some will die, but it means you get very rapid trial results.
So if you're confident that HIV has similar levels of spread, this is "good news" there too, the vaccine trials won't take very long to give results, regardless of whether you are intending to do Emergency Authorization or a normal process.
> So if you're confident that HIV has similar levels of spread
It does if you do phase III trials in the right countries. In South Africa, there's 15 million HIV cases give or take, and a million infections per year - so trials could yield results rather quickly...
In practice the trial will recruit participants from only a few countries. For example Pfizer's trial of BNT162b2 (their COVID-19 vaccine) recruited in the United States, Germany, Turkey, South Africa, Brazil and Argentina. But not for example Spain, Canada, Israel or Zimbabwe (picking countries off the top of my head at random).
In the ideal case you'd somehow randomly sample the world population, but practical considerations have to be taken into account. As a result it is often the case that we don't yet have a medicine targeted precisely at your gender, age, ethnicity, build, pregnancy status, co-morbidities, profession, and favourite musical genre, but ultimately the medicine which worked on another human who is quite unlike you in almost every way is surprisingly likely to be effective anyway, and so maybe you should try that meanwhile.
It may even be 100 years for all we know. It's not a problem of legislation. It's a problem of not knowing how to do this. This really has to be emphasised: it will most likely be much harder to achieve anything here. The covid vaccine was exceptional not only in the overall time-to-market but also in that it just worked on the first try. I'd wager a working HIV vaccine will instantly attract a Nobel prize, if not more than one.
Everyone has heard of the covid strains and the anxiety around them (are the strains much worse? will there be cross strain immunity?). This is like child's play compared to HIV, where essentially every infected person has a separate HIV variant, evolutionally crafted to evade the specific host immune system as best as it can. I would call it "amazing" had it not been inappropriate to call "amazing" a deadly disease.
Read the full paper, they go in detail on how the vaccine would have to create a "portfolio immunity" against the parts of the virus that are known to be most important. For example in terms of the humoral immunity they call them broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Those will have to cover a range of variants.
Just to make things a bit more interesting (and grim): every HIV patient has multiple variants at the same time. In this regard HIV is pretty much like cancer :(
> Nucleotide sequences of the hypervariable V3 region of HIV-1 obtained from different organs of one patient demonstrated distinct viral variants.
I think it's not just a question of the societal pressure. From the little I could understand in the paper, the HIV vaccine would be considerably more complicated than the Covid-19 ones, primarily do deal with all the immune escape issues. So it'd likely have a harder time getting authorized due the complexity of the mechanisms.
I tried that with my 10 year old and it wasn’t very fun or instructive. It teaches them about loops and functions, but it’s a lot easier to just brute force the mazes and there’s no incentive not to.
I don't even know what I use. It probably changes in different repositories. I've never cared enough to check or set it one way or the other, and definitely don't care enough to have a 20 minute meeting with my team to decide.
