I like Mastodon as well but I really wish it was more than just twitteresque content. I want to be able to have photo albums and such on there as well.
I had written a mostly functional system based around exchanging gpg-signed anonymous messages, usenet style a few years ago, with distributed voting, opt-in moderation, and server federation.
Do you have a document (or a set of issues) describing the social problems you were trying to solve? They may have already been solved, in some other context.