Many great suggestions in this thread. I would add the following, omitting those that are already mentioned:

Intelligence Squared Podcast

  - Great debate-style episodes on amazing topics (such as "Should the west engage with Russia," or "Should the west engage with Saudis") mixed with interviews of book authors. Must listen!

Making Sense Podcast

  - Very deep interviews on topics with crystalized rationality. Another must listen!

No Stupid Questions

Rework

HBR IdeaCast

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