The feature in Matlab that is great for this is the 'workspace' panel- and it's something I love most about the Matlab IDE.
being able to watch your variables as the program executes, see what was allocated, see what wound up being stored in them, if there were matricies what size they are and being able to stop and open them up and check data, see data types at a glance etc.. really helps people who are just getting started with understanding imperative, procedural code.
There used to be a Python IDE that had the same feature called Rodeo, but it has been abandoned.
There also used to be a Julia IDE called Juno which was excellent at this as well, but it also have been abandoned in favor of the Julia VS Code extension, which has similar features.
Spyder also has a variable explorer. Basically Spyder is often referred to as MATLAB-like IDE for Python and MATLAB is even referenced in the documentation.
